Reimagining and Redesigning International Financial Architecture: The Path to Sevilla and Beyond

By Kavaljit Singh | Briefing Paper # 68 | June 20, 2025

The term “international financial architecture” is currently experiencing a resurgence in popularity thanks to the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4), scheduled for June 30 to July 3, 2025, in Spain. Despite the extensive discourse surrounding this concept since the late 1990s, there is no universally accepted definition of what is meant…

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100 Days of Trump’s Tariff Shocks: Five Takeaways

By Kavaljit Singh | Commentary | April 30, 2025

April 29 marked U.S. President Donald Trump’s 100th day in office of his second presidency. During this period, President Trump issued a series of executive orders and proclamations to trigger an unprecedented global tariff war, pitting America against allies and foes around the world.

Within a span of merely three months, the tariff policies originating…

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COP29: Why Climate Finance Will Remain Elusive

By Biswajit Dhar | Briefing Paper # 67 | December 21, 2024

Ever since the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) first met in 1995, effective implementation of the commitment taken by the developed countries to “provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations” has…

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Trump’s Return: Assessing Implications for Global Trade and US-India Trade Ties

By Biswajit Dhar | Briefing Paper # 66 | November 25, 2024

US President-elect Donald Trump made two promises that were not only laced with populism, but were also presented as the essential elements of his economic policy. First, he promised an across-the-board increase in import tariffs: 60% tariffs would be imposed on US imports from China, while imports from all other trade partners would range…

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What Does Trump 2.0 Mean for Global Trade?

By Kavaljit Singh | Briefing Paper # 65 | November 16, 2024

As President-elect Donald John Trump returns to the White House, all eyes are on the critical decisions shaping his second-term agenda regarding cross-border trade, immigration, climate-related policies, and deregulation initiatives. In particular, his protectionist trade agenda outlined during the campaign trail for the 2024 elections will have major repercussions for the United States and…

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